What’s happening

A nine-justice panel at the High Court of Justice is set to hear petitions on Sunday morning that demand the immediate conscription of ultra-Orthodox men, known as Haredim, into the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).

Why it matters

This decision has significant implications for Israeli society and its adherence to the rule of law. As it stands, most Jewish Israeli men are mandated to serve in the IDF for nearly three years, with the government looking to balance equality and uphold its duty to all citizens.

Context

Attorney General Gali Baharav-Miara endorsed the petitions, criticizing the government’s actions as “without authority,” “violating express rules of the court,” and “undermining the rule of law.” The government has been seeking private legal representation rather than relying on the attorney general’s counsel, which has historically been binding. This tussle further complicates the legal and social landscape in Israel as it pertains to the ultra-Orthodox community.

Shifts in legal framework

In March, the court issued an interim order preventing the government from funding ultra-Orthodox yeshivas for students eligible for IDF service due to an expired deferral framework. Following this, the government moved unilaterally to allow private legal counsel through a controversial cabinet resolution, defying the attorney general’s opinions. Such maneuvers threaten to alter the longstanding legal traditions of the state.

The polarization of society

This hearing occurs at a time of heightened tensions following the October 7 Hamas terror attack, where frustration over military service exceptions for the ultra-Orthodox peaked. Their service exemptions and accompanying stipends have long infuriated the larger public, especially as many have to serve extensively and face increased threats. The desire for shared national responsibilities among all Israeli citizens becomes ever more critical as Israel faces internal and external challenges.

Government and social repercussions

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s coalition leans heavily on ultra-Orthodox support, viewing service exemptions as critical to their conservative demographics. The projected growth of the ultra-Orthodox community to 19 percent by 2035 due to high birth rates raises concerns about economic contributions and the equitable burden on Israeli society.

The bottom line

The High Court’s decision will be pivotal not just for legal interpretations but also for setting social precedents. Enforcing conscription uniformly strengthens unity and reinforces the rule of law, crucial for the nation’s integrity and stability.

This story was first published on timesofisrael.com.